It is a satire. A satire is
exaggerated most of the time. Satirical characters are always suggesting
something bigger, their opinions and acts are always directed towards a greater
reality. Though conversations in satirical literature come out of everyday life,
their essence lies in contemporary and often darker social realities.
In “Rangbhoomi”, Premchand
describes his times in a colorful way. His dissatisfaction with Raj, his lack
of faith in ruling British people is quite obvious. Premchand’s pen targets the
part of Indian society which had converted to Christianity in order to become
either favored ones of the ruling white class or to become a part of the same
if possible. Eeshwar Sewak is one such character whose understanding of himself
is of a devout Christian but his characteristics are of a greedy human being
who does not mind supporting wrong ways to earn wealth. His daughter in law
Mrs. John Sewak too is a superstitious woman who is ready to sacrifice her
daughter Sofia to serve her understanding of Christianity. In portraying people
of Pandepur Premchand uncovers lack of integrity, inherent greed and
selfishness of contemporary Indian society. Condition of Subhagi who is beaten
day and night by her husband Bhairo, Indu Rani’s suffocation even after being a
queen are clearly suggesting to pitiful condition of Indian women in those
times which have not lost their relevance even today. Maharana of Udaipur
though appears shortly, leaves the impression of exaggeration which is so
typical of satire. The light thrown on his hypocritical character along with
Eeshwar sewak is so bright that it reaches to the level of irritating the
reader. Premchand could have downplayed a bit.
Other trouble with the novel is
ever confused characters of Sofia and Vinay Singh, who meet several times, love
each other more than one can, condemn each other most harshly for their actions
and it all becomes unbelievable after a point. Rani Jahnavi who is Vinay
Singh’s mother is another character who seems to be unrealistic. She is ready
to sacrifice her son for the mother land, criticizes her husband for his
opinions but teaches her daughter Indu Rani to blindly follow her husband
Mahendra Kumar.
Soordas, the blind beggar holds
the highest moral, is the humblest of all but does not stoop in front of any
injustice and is still every inch real. He is the protagonist though he is
unaware of it. Directly or indirectly he influences almost every character’s
life in the novel, his deeds have that impact which mobilize masses, moves even
the British, ruin families and he is unaware of it all. He is the sage, only
light in darker time. Too ideal but still real. Prabhu Sewak and Kunwar Bharat
Singh the father of Vinay Singh are two men who are very real. Former is a poet
who can accept poverty when insulted by his father and change the course of his
life when praised by the ruling class. The later is the man who accepts his
moral weaknesses which are so integral to human nature and denies letting go of
his wealth and stature in society.
Deriving small incidences from
Tribal life, munshi Tahir’s family, Pandit Nayakram’s shrewdness, Daroga’s
pride of his race Premchand tries to cover too much of his time and succeeds in
most parts but the story loses in the process. Pessimism drips down from every
page but those might have been pessimistic times. The book is worth 6 out of 10
marks.
